https://www.estadao.com.br/opiniao/a-aposta-leviana-no-salario-minimo/
2025-12-25
Economia global atingiu pico de crescimento, diz a OCDE
O crescimento da economia global atingiu seu pico, está menos sincronizado e os riscos e incertezas se intensificam com a escalada da guerra comercial, alerta a Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Economico (OCDE). Em suas projeções atualizadas, a entidade calcula que a expansão da economia mundial deve se estabilizar em 3,7% neste ano e em 2019., cerca de 0,25 ponto percentual a menos do que previsto em maio. Houve revisão para baixo do desempenho de boa parte das maiores economias desenvolvidas e emergentes que formam o G-20.
Montagem Avebarna
Imagens originais Internet
Um forte aumento do emprego e políticas monetária e fiscal de estímulo devem continuar a sustentar a demanda interna nas economias avançadas no curto prazo. A taxa de desemprego de 5,3% nos países ricos está abaixo da taxa de antes da crise de 2008. O crescimento dos salários, porém, decepciona. Isso cria incertezas sobre o tamanho da capacidade ociosa que persiste em várias economias e tem impacto na renda disponível.
(Continua)
Many happy returns: new data reveal long-term investment trendsProperty yields more than shares and bonds; investment returns outstrip economic growth
(..) More bracing still are the data’s implications for debates on inequality. Karl Marx once reasoned that as capitalists piled up wealth, their investments would suffer diminishing returns and the pay-off from them would drop towards zero, eventually provoking destructive fights between industrial countries. That seems not to be true; returns on housing and equities remain high even though the stock of assets as a share of GDP has doubled since 1970. Gravity-defying returns might reflect new and productive uses for capital: firms deploying machines instead of people, for instance, or well-capitalised companies with relatively small numbers of employees taking over growing swathes of the economy. High returns on equity capital may therefore be linked to a more tenuous status for workers and to a drop in the share of GDP which is paid out as labour income.
Similarly, long-run returns provide support for the grand theory of inequality set out in 2013 by Thomas Piketty, a French economist, who suggested (based in part on his own data-gathering) that the rate of return on capital was typically higher than the growth rate of the economy. As a consequence, the stock of wealth should grow over time relative to GDP. And because wealth is less evenly distributed than income, this growth should push the economy towards ever higher levels of inequality. Mr Piketty summed up this contention in the pithy expression “r > g”.
In fact, that may understate the case, according to the newly gathered figures. In most times and places, “r”, which the authors calculate as the average return across all assets, both safe and risky, is well above “g” or GDP growth. Since 1870, they reckon, the average real return on wealth has been about 6% a year whereas real GDP growth has been roughly 3% a year on average. Only during the first and second world wars did rates of return drop much below growth rates. And in recent decades, the “great compression” in incomes and wealth that followed the world wars has come undone, as asset returns persistently outstrip the growth of the economy. (..)
La Finlande baisse le coût du travail pour regagner en compétitivité
Engluée dans la récession depuis 2012, angoissée par l’épuisement de ses moteurs économiques traditionnels, la Finlande cherche désespérément à relancer sa croissance (–1,3 % en 2013, –0,1 % en 2014). Mardi 8 septembre, le premier ministre, Juha Sipilä, a annoncé une série de mesures visant à réduire le coût du travail de 5 % d’ici à 2019.
Plantillas renovadas, sueldos más bajos
La devaluación salarial se ceba en los que han perdido su trabajo y vuelven a ser contratados
![]() |
Salários iniciais dos trabalhadores
que começam a trabalhar
Fonte: El País
|
Casi una década después, España vuelve a situarse entre los países que más empleo crean en Europa. Y lo ha hecho con un crecimiento del Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) mucho menor que en salidas de crisis anteriores. Un avance medio del 1,4% en 2014 ha bastado para que se hayan generado casi medio millón de puestos de trabajos nuevos en un año. El empleo crece, el PIB acelera su ritmo de expansión —al 2% en el tramo final de 2014, a cerca del 3% en las previsiones para 2015—, pero la devaluación salarial sigue ahí, atenuada por el menor coste de la vida. Esta misma semana, la encuesta de coste laboral reveló que a finales del año pasado, el salario medio había descendido un 0,2% en tasa anual. Un nuevo retroceso que llega en buena medida de la mano de los sueldos de esos nuevos empleos, significativamente más bajos que los de los destruidos durante la crisis. (,,)